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Problem Solving
Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12
should enable all students to—

Build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving 
Solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts 
Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems 
Monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical problem solving 
 

 

Reasoning and Proof
Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable
all students to—

Recognize reasoning and proof as fundamental aspects of mathematics 
Make and investigate mathematical conjectures 
Develop and evaluate mathematical arguments and proofs 
Select and use various types of reasoning and methods of proof 
 



 

Communication
Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable
all students to—

Organize and consolidate their mathematical thinking through communication 
Communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers, and others 
Analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies of others; 
Use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely.  
 



 

Connections
Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable
all students to—

Recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas 
Understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole  
Recognize and apply mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics 
 



 

Representation
Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable
all students to—

Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas 
Select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems 
Use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena 
   
   

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