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Number and Operations Standard
for Grades Pre-K–2
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Expectations |
| Instructional
programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable
all students to— |
In prekindergarten through grade 2 all students should— |
| Understand
numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among
numbers, and number systems |
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count
with understanding and recognize "how many" in sets of
objects; |
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use multiple models to develop initial understandings
of place value and the base-ten number system; |
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develop understanding of the relative position and magnitude
of whole numbers and of ordinal and cardinal numbers and
their connections; |
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develop a sense of whole numbers and represent and use
them in flexible ways, including relating, composing,
and decomposing numbers; |
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connect number words and numerals to the quantities they
represent, using various physical models and representations;
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understand
and represent commonly used fractions, such as 1/4, 1/3,
and 1/2. |
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| Understand
meanings of operations and how they relate to one another |
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understand various meanings of addition and subtraction
of whole numbers and the relationship between the two
operations; |
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understand the effects of adding and subtracting whole
numbers; |
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understand situations that entail multiplication and division,
such as equal groupings of objects and sharing equally.
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| Compute
fluently and make reasonable estimates |
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develop and use strategies for whole-number computations,
with a focus on addition and subtraction; |
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develop fluency with basic number combinations for addition
and subtraction; |
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use
a variety of methods and tools to compute, including objects,
mental computation, estimation, paper and pencil, and
calculators. |
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